Advantages & disadvantages of universal basic income/Examples and Past Experiments on UBI

 Advantages & disadvantages of universal basic   income

Hello Friends Today we are going to know about what are the advantages and disadvantages of Universal basic income.And If  you wan't to know about what is universal basic income so just click on the given Link https://knowledgesource2.blogspot.com/2020/08/universal-basic-income.html

Advantages Of Universal Basic Income

People can bear expenses and can look for jobs that they are actually passionate

1) Advantage is that the ones employed in jobs that pay paltry salaries and those who are compelled to go to their jobs only to bear their expenses,they need not do such jobs anymore. They can quit these jobs because they would already be provided with a basic income. 

They can then pursue their hobbies. They can look for jobs that they are actually passionate about So if you notice, the overall happiness of the society would increase because of this And it would also spur innovation because in general, the residents of a country would be working for something that they are passionate about.

Increase in Productivity,Innovation and happiness

2) There would be a positive increase in all three- Productivity, innovation and happiness. I'm saying would be because all of this is an assumption. It has not been tested on a large scale anywhere So these are positive assumptions that might happen because of it.

Families would get more time to spend with one another

3) The families would get more time to spend with one another. If someone wants to work part time and does not want to remain employed full time,then that's also a choice.It would no longer be a compulsion to remain employed full time And if somebody wants to go back to school or enroll in a university for a course,then there would be time for that too.There would be no need to join a job right at the start,which happens quite frequently with the lower section of the society.They are forced into child labour in order to bear their expenses.

4) The fourth advantage is that since it is a universal scheme,that is, it applies to everyone, without any conditions and without any paperwork. It would diminish (the need for) bureaucracy. The government can save money in administrative costs.The government would not need to keep a check on whether someone is misusing the scheme or whether someone is not following it correctly or not or if the money is being siphoned off elsewhere where it should not go. All of it would not happen.In the normal unemployment benefits or other welfare schemes of the government it is extremely difficult to regulate to make sure that the money reaches the right destination.

Disadvantages of Universal Basic Income

Let us now move to the negative points.What are the arguments of those who are against the Universal Basic income?

1) People Became Lazy

 The first argument is quite obvious- which might have come to your mind as well. If everyone would get money for free, then the people would become lazy Nobody would want to work. And if no one would want to work, how would the society and the nation progress?

Everyone would become lazy and take free money to run their lives.This is the negative argument.You will notice that this too, is an assumption 

2) Inflation In The Economy 

The second negative point is that if everyone is distributed free money then this would result in an inflation in the economy. The value of money would depreciate. How would that happen? 

Consider that you're giving everyone money for free So the people would want to spend money on different things And if they want to spread on different things then the demand of those things would increase And the producers of these goods and services would want to produce more But if the supply chain does not allow the production of more items then they would raise the cost of their goods.

They would see that the demand of the things have risen so much in the economy,then they think about raising money and making more profit And if the prices rise, then those things would become affordable again So the value of the basic income would fall So the value of money would depreciate and the situation would remain as it was. The money with the people does not have enough value to buy things So, then, basic income would no longer remain basic This too, is an assumption.

3) Dependent On Free Money

 The third reason is that the people might become over dependent on this money,Think about it: If Universal Basic income is being enacted in a country for a period of 10 years.The people would become so used to the free money that comes from the government that.

If that money stops coming in for whatsoever reason then the society and economy would crash completely Because the people are not self sustained on their own.The people do not know how to bear their expenses without that money So the entire economy would crash completely

4) Inequality Is Increase (disadvantage for poor people)

Fourthly is Increase in inequality, It is argued that this will pose a disadvantage for the poor people Consider it- a man from the poor class, middle class and rich class. All three of them are given the same amount of money in the name of basic income.

 It can provide a decent living standard for the very poor to help him bear his expenses For the middle class people, this would be some extra money that they can spend on further luxuries And for the rich class, the money from the basic income is actually useless For them, the amount is so less that it is of no use to them So, there is a disadvantage for the person belonging to the very poor category-taking this basic income as compared to the middle class and rich class So, in some sense, inequality is increasing because of it instead of decreasing.

5) Government needs to Compromise

The fifth point- the most important one- the money that is being spent by the government on UBI to give money to the people.Where will this money come from?It would be extremely costly for the government to give so much money to everyone And the second thing is that the government would have to compromise.If the government was spending money on constructing better schools and hospitals,Now the government would have to divert money on order to give money to the people for free which, arguably, is not the correct utilization of money. It would be better to use that money to improve public services Here I'd like you to weigh in- You have heard both the positive and the negative points.

Which do you think is stronger- The positive side or the negative side regarding this Universal Basic Income?Write down in the comments below, I want to know your opinion. 

 I'd like to tell you that the job losses due to corona virus in the short term and automation and Artificial intelligence in the long term. The best way for you to fight these job losses is to make yourself skilled Learn new things and technology Keep yourself up to date with the progressing technology.

Examples and Past Experiments on Universal Basic Income

 Let us look at the experiments conducted on Universal Basic Income worldwide.What have been their results?Was the positive side stronger or the negative side stronger?

Universal Basic Income in Finland 2017-2018

The first experiment is from Finland which was the first European country to test Universal Basic Income. In the period between January 2017 and December 2018.

The Government of Finland chose 2000 unemployed Finnish people and they were given 560 Euros per month, without any condition.An analysis is still ongoing and the results of this study have still not arrived. They'd be here by the end of this year But preliminary results have revealed that in general, in the people who were given this basic income,improvements in health conditions and their happiness levels were observed but if we talk about the employment level, there was no improvement there That is, it did not so happen that the unemployed people began getting more job opportunities.

Universal Basic Income In Ontario, Canada

A second example is that of Ontario, Canada, where 4000 people were randomly selected between the ages of 18-64 and a basic income was provided to them. This experiment began in 2017 and it was supposed to go on for three years But the government changes in July 2018 and the new government decided not to waste money on this.

 It was a waste of money according to them and so they stopped the experiment in the middle But there were some observations of experts on the basis of the part of the experiment that was conducted. Their observations was that there was considerable improvement in the healthcare cost of people.The government save money in healthcare because of this and the people were feeling healthier, in general.

Universal Basic Income In India (Sikkim)

A similar story happened in India.The SDF Party in Sikkim said in January 2019 that they would make Sikkim the first state in India to give Universal Basic Income to its people.This was their election promise for May 2019 But they lost the elections in May, 2019 and another party formed the government there So this could not become possible.

You could also say that Rahul Gandhi's NYAY scheme.

 I feel that we should wait for a few more years and observe the results of these experiments on whether it creates a positive or negative effect in the society. I hope you would have found this to be informative. Share this.

E-passport- Can The Future Of Passports and when introduced

 In July 2016, the African Union unveiled its first electronic passport or E-passport. If all goes according to plan, these passports will be available to all AU citizens by 2018.AU leaders hope that e-passports will open up trade and travel between African countries, so what exactly is an E-passport?

What is E-Passport?

Well, An e-passport, also called a biometric or digital passport is embedded with a chip

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On that chip is all the information on a passport personal data page, like the cardholder's name,

physical appearance and date of birth. Some include other biometric data, like one’s photograph,

fingerprint and even their iris pattern.

Having this information digitized, rather than just printed, is designed to prevent identity fraud and

protect the privacy of the traveler. Although many countries are just now rolling out E-passports,

they’ve actually been around for almost two decades. 

When was e-passport introduced?

In fact, the first e-passport was introduced by Malaysia in 1998, as a local company was the first to

develop the technology. Interestingly, biometric data is also embedded in all of Malaysia's ID cards.

Future of Passport: E-Passport

E-Passport can be the future of passports. After the rollout proved successful, more and more

countries adopted the technology. And today, most of the world plans to or has already introduced

e-passports. The US began rolling out e-passports in 2006, and since 2007,it has issued them

exclusively. Their development came at the heels of the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry

Reform Act, or simply “Border Security Act”, which required all US entry ports to be equipped with

biometric scanners, and all visa-free travelers to have e-passports.

When was E-passport passed?

This law was passed in 2002, amid concerns for national security in light of the September 11th attacks.

In the African Union, the pivot toward e-passports is less about security and more about unification.

In 2015, Africa’s internal trade was just 11 per cent, the lowest in the world. Europe, by comparison, saw

internal trade at more than 60 per cent. Proponents of the e-passport argue that it will ease travel

between African countries, thus breaking down barriers on the free movement of labor and trade, and

strengthening some of the region’s, particularly vulnerable economies. But globalization may come at a

cost, as critics argue that e-passports have the potential to infringe on one’s personal privacy and

other civil liberties. 

Identity fraud by the third party

Shortly after the US announced their e-passport rollout, the ACLU published a formal opposition.

They argued that the non-encrypted data on the chip leaves one’s personal information

vulnerable to “third parties”, thus opening the door to identity fraud. Others have argued that the

idea of making one’s bodily characteristics “machine-readable” is problematic in itself, as it leaves a

huge margin for error. For example at a British airport in 2011,a couple who had mistakenly switched

passports still made it through security and facial recognition scanners. What’s more, an investigation

of Britain’s airports a year earlier revealed that biometric scanners had cleared five people on watch

lists, as well as a man using his sister's passport.

Thus, e-passports have been thrust into the larger debate over the importance of personal privacy

versus national security. And although they are quickly becoming the international norm, there

implementation is still a process of trial and error. E-passport or no, not every country is okay with you

having multiple passports, also called“dual citizenship”. Learn about where in the world dual citizenship

is banned, and why some countries aren't comfortable with the idea.

Tell me in the Comment box” What is your opinion about E-passport”

Five Big Ideas That Can Help You Improve Your Business, And  Build A Better Understanding Of Decision Making and financial reporting.

Steps Taken by Gov. to Change Indian Education System/New Education policy.

https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/wooden-tables-and-chairs-in-the-classroom-picture

Steps taken by Gov. To change Indian Education System/New Education Policy

Hello friends today I'm going to explain to you about Steps taken by Indian Government to change education policy/New Indian education policy. I am very happy to say that the new education policy that our government has brought. It was very important to change our education system. This policy apply.....So let's start,

Indian Government has addressed almost all the major points of criticism in their new policy and the Gov has brought a revolutionary change in the Indian education system.

In Short Present Education System

 Present our educational system tries to fit the students into three categories after class 10 Science, commerce and humanities, And this is very problematic- If you choose one stream, then you cannot study the subjects of the other streams, But more often than not, the students are interested in a variety of subjects For example, when I was in the 11th, I chose the science stream but my interest also lay in Political science and Economics But I was helpless, having opted for the science stream, I could not study subjects like Political Science and Economics.What could I have done?But now,

 the government has changed this. 

Steps Taken by Gov. to Change Indian Education System/New Education policy

Flexibility to Choose Subjects.(In New Education Policy)

Now, the students have more flexibility to choose their subjects. Upon the implementation of this policy,a student can study Political science with Physics and Chemistry with History.

A student can study Science, commerce as well as Arts subjects.This is an amazing initiative.

But Government Decide Packages for subjects from which you choose your favourite pacakage for your studies.

And I feel jealous as a 90's kid. We were compelled to choose among-st the three Now, the students would have so much more flexibility to choose.

5+3+3+4 System

A second major change by the government is that they have replaced the existing 10+2 academic structure with the 5+3+3+4 system Now, it has become more similar to the education system of many developed countries. In the 10+2 system, education began at the age of 6 In this new system, education would now start at the age of 3 Preschool would be from the age of 3-6 and then class 1 and 2 for the next two years. Then would be the preparatory stage for the next 3 years in which focus would be upon playing, discovery and activity based classroom learning

Class 6 to 8 would be the middle stage in which experiential learning would be focused upon-sciences, mathematics, arts, social sciences and humanities.

Next would be the secondary stage of class 9-12, in which multidisciplinary studies would be focused upon. Students would be provided with more flexibility and more choices. 

Change In The Mindsets

The job of selling, or working in a supermarket, or driving...-... plumbing, carpentry gardening... all the jobs like these that do not come under the proper purview of engineering, humanities or universities.

All that is viewed on the extra side, they are vocationally trained up-to a large extent- A vast difference is that in India, we view these jobs at a very low level. We look at things and presume that the people of the lower (caste/class) do these kinds of jobs and our parents poke fun and say that if you don't study, will you do carpentry and become a carpenter ?or a plumber?The difference (here) is that these jobs are given the same respect in Germany. I kept reiterating in the previous times that vocational training is given a lot of importance in developed countries. The jobs like welding, electrician, carpentry, and plumbing.

These jobs are viewed at the same level as the rest of the skilled jobs.In India, these jobs are looked at with disdain, which is a mindset that needs to change.

The government has implemented some structural changes to change this mindset, which is praise worthy for example, right from class 6, students would have to do internships in vocational training jobs. The students would be imparted experience in such jobs.There would be a bag less period of 10 days- where he students would take no bags to school but experience jobs like- carpentry, welding, gardening Vocational training in schools would be focused upon even later.This is a very critical thing without which, in my opinion, we cannot become a developed country until and unless these changes are implemented .

Compulsory Coding 

The government has taken a step in the right direction regarding this. Coding would be taught to children from class 6th and the importance accorded to board exams in class 10 and 12 would be reduced.

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>Marks Given By Teachers,Classmates, Student own, Family members

 Another interesting and positive policy change is that the report cards handed to students at the year end that is, the progress report,Until now, the teachers assess how the student has performed in the entire year, according to them.

Now, assessment will be done by not only the teachers, but the students will also self evaluate themselves and say how have they performed in the entire year, according to their perspective Not only will there be self evaluation, the rest of the students of the class with also evaluate and say how a particular student has performed according to the perspective of the rest of the classmates.

This is a very useful step Because critical thinking is a very important aspect- to evaluate oneself by oneself to think about what one is doing and critically analyze one's own decisions And in the coming life...We are told how we are performing by our teachers and parents, when we are in school But when the school and college life gets over, there is no one to tell you how your performance is going. You have to do a self evaluation of how you are performing in life and what you want to do ahead in life So, this thinking should be imparted at an early stage to the students to evaluate oneself and to see what others think about you and what your evaluation is, from their perspective.It is very useful.

Government Spends at least 6% from GDP on Education

Another important change-the government should spend more on education Seems as if the government has finally paid heed!The government has decided that at least 6% of the GDP will now be spent on education Right now, it is around 3%.  which is insufficient And compared to the developed countries and the rest of the developing countries,India spends very less on education in measure of the percentage of the GDP6% is a great target But a lot depends on implementation as well- How soon is the government able to achieve it But obviously, as a first step, setting a target of 6% is commendable.

Change Rote Learning process to understanding learning

 

  Government decides to change the rote learning process.

*Government decides to design the papers and chapters by which can increase the understanding of concepts not rote learning.

There was a problem of rote learning in the Indian education system. Most of the exams are designed in a way that we need to memorize things And all that we learnt, evaporates in a few months because we gave exams by rote learning So, the government has also said that it would try and change this as well.The exams would be designed a way that would not require much memorization or rote learning.

Multiple Entry and Exit Programme

 There is a multiple entry and exit programme It means that- say, you started a degree- a B.tech degree and one year later, you realize that you do not want to continue with it because you don't like it, So, you can drop midway. All the subjects that you have studied for one year,you can take their credits and get it transferred to another degree.This is extremely useful. It's great that this option will be available in India as well.

This option now includes another feature- say the degree is of four years. If you drop out after one year, then you will get a certificate.

If you drop out after the second year, then you will get a diploma After three years, you will get a bachelor's degree and after four years - a bachelor's research degree. If you have already done a four year degree in bachelors, MA and MSc degrees would only be of one year and two years if you have a bachelor's degree of three years. This is again consistent with the international standard Top 100 foreign institutes have been given permission to set up their campuses within India ,it will be integrated in all the schools and higher educational institutions in a phased manner.. 

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 I hope you would have liked this post. My work was to give you proper and written information, maybe some info, left because now the government is not given in detail in written form. And it is a very big change for the people of india.  Share it if you found it to be informative If you like my work.And if you want more information from my website so you can subscribe or type 'yes' in the comment box.

And if you have any query so ask in the comment box I'm waiting.